Chief Research Officer

Jared Freeman has extensive experience investigating problem solving by individuals and teams in real-world settings. Specifically, Dr. Freeman develops decision aids, training content and systems, performance and communications measures, feedback technologies, and organizational structures that support mission leaders and their staffs. Dr. Freeman is the author of more than 90 articles and book chapters concerning these and related topics.

Prior to joining Aptima, Dr. Freeman was a Scientist at Cognitive Technologies, where he developed a highly automated approach to assessing student knowledge of tactical situations, as well as instructional technology that improved situation assessment and planning by Army officers. He has also consulted to Bell Labs.

Dr. Freeman holds a Ph.D. in Human Learning and Cognition from Columbia University and a M.A. in Educational Technology from Teachers College, Columbia University. He is a member of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and is a Contributing Editor to its journal, Human Factors.

 

Publications

Hess, K. P., Freeman, J., & Coovert, M. (in press). CENTER: Critical thinking in team decision making. In M. Letsky & N. Warner (Eds.), Macrocognition in teams: Theories and methodologies. United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

Levchuk, G., Shebilske, W., and Freeman, J. (in press). A model-driven instructional strategy: The benchmarked experiential system for training (BEST). In P. J. Durlach & A. M. Lesgold (Eds.) Adaptive Technologies for training and education. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

MacMillan, J., Freeman, J., Stacy, W., Wiese, E., Ayers, J., & Geyer, A. (in press) Adaptive training in virtual environments. Warfighter Enhancement Activities, 3(12).

Andrews, D., Freeman, J., & Andre, T. (In preparation). Cognitive approaches to insider threat training. Cognitive Science.

Bruni, S., Riordan, B., Schurr, N., Cooke, N., Freeman, J., Roberts, J., & Rima, N. (2011). Designing a mixed-initiative decision-support system for multi-UAS mission planning. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society (HFES 2011), Las Vegas, Nevada.

Freeman, et al. (2011). Understanding assessment and decision-making in an ill-defined domain. Naturalistic Decision Making. Orlando, FL.

Freeman, J., Walker, A., Puglisi, M., Geyer, A., Marceau, R., & Marc, Y. (2011). Cognitive and perceptual skills involved in Combat Hunter expertise: Exploratory evidence for a new training framework. Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference. Arlington, VA: NDIA. Winner, 2011 Aptima Best Paper Award.

MacMillan J., Stacy, W., & Freeman, J. (2011). The design of synthetic experiences for effective training: Challenges for DMO. Tampa, FL: Taylor & Francis.

MacMillan, J., Zacharias, G., Freeman, J., & Bullock, B. (2011). Strategic roadmap for human social, cultural, and behavioral science and technology. HSCB Focus 2011, 8-10 February 2011, Chantilly, VA.

McCormack, R., Yohai, I., Duchon, A., Freeman, J., Skarin, B., Pfautz, S., & Salter, W. (2011). Assessing opinion change through the integration of agent-based models and natural language processing. HSCB Focus 2011, 8-10 February 2011, Chantilly, VA.

McDowell P., Johnson, R.E., Freeman, J., Roberts, M., & Horn, Z. (2011). Building a game to educate senior officers in counter-piracy. Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference. Arlington, VA: NDIA.

Riordan, B., Bruni, S., Schurr, N., Freeman, J., Ganberg, G., Cooke, N.J., Rima, N. (2011). Inferring user intent with Bayesian inverse planning: Making sense of multi-Unmanned Aerial Systems mission management. 20th Annual Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling Simulation, Sundance, UT, March 21-24, 2011.

Bruni, S., Schurr, N., Riordan, B., Freeman, J., et al. (2010). Mixed-Initiative Machine for Instructed Computing (MIMIC). Presented at the DoD HFETAG-63, 3-6 May 2010, Tempe AZ.

Hoffman, R., Fiore, S., Andrews, D., Goldberg, S., Andre, T., Freeman, J., Fletcher, J., Klein, G. (2010). Accelerated learning: prospects, issues, and applications. Panel presentation at Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 27 Sept - 1 Oct 2010.

Grande, D.E., Freeman, J., Carlin, A., Weil, W., Sorber, T., and Black, T. (2010). Modeling the structure and adaptation of dynamic organizations. Poster presented at the INFORMS Annual Meeting, 7-10 November, 2010, Austin, TX.

Freeman, Jared. (2010). Developing adaptive expertise: principles, processes, practice. Panel presentation at I/ITSEC 2010, Orlando, FL.

Shebilske, W., Gildea, K., Freeman, J., & Levchuk, G. (2009). Optimizing instructional strategies: A Benchmarked Experiential System for Training (BEST). Theoretical Issues in Ergonomic Science. Special Issue on Optimizing Virtual Training Systems, v10 (3) May 2009 , pages 267 - 278.

Shebilske, W., Levchuk, G., & Freeman, J. (in press). A team training paradigm for better combat identification. In D. Andrews, R. Herz, & M. Wolf (Eds.), Human Factors Issues in Combat Identification. United Kingdom: Ashgate.

Freeman, J., Gallup, S.P., & MacKinnon, D.J. (2009). Human interoperability: Initial theory and research. Proceedings of the Human Behavior-Computational Intelligence Modeling Conference, Oak Ridge, TN, 23-24 June 2009.

Freeman, J., Grande, D., & Serfaty, D. (2009). A model of organizations, systems, and technologies. Proceedings of Delft Cooperation on Intelligent Systems Human Factors Event 2009, 13-14 October, Delft, The Netherlands.

Freeman, J., MacMillan, J., Levchuk, G., Grande, D., Skarin, B., & Paley, M. (2009) Computational models of social systems: Red, green, & blue. West Point Global Leadership Conference. West Point, NY. March 25-27, 2009.

Freeman, J., Stacy, W., Levchuk, G., & Colonna-Romano, J. (2009). Adapting training objectives & environments to improve learning. Army Research Institute Workshop on Adaptive Training Technologies. Charleston, SC. March 4-6, 2009.

Freeman, J., Stacy, W., Levchuk, G., Colonna-Romano, J., & Shebilske, W. (2009). Techniques and technologies for optimizing instructional strategy. Proceedings of the 24th Annual SIOP (Society for Industrial Organizational Psychology) Conference. New Orleans, LA, 2-4 April 2009.

Freeman, J., Stacy, W., MacMillan, J., Carlin, A., & Levchuk, G. (2009). Capturing and building adaptive expertise in virtual worlds. Proceedings of Human Computer Interaction International 2009. San Diego, CA, 19-24 July 2009.

Geyer, A., Freeman, J., Nicholson, D., Fedopiastis, C., Luu, P., & Cohn, J. (2009). Neurally-driven adaptive decision aids. In D.D. Schmorrow et al. (Eds.), Augmented Cognition (pp. 30–34), HCII, LNAI 5638.

Geyer, A., Freeman, J., Nicholson, D., Fedopistis, C., Luu, P., & Cohn, J. (2009). Neurally-driven adaptive decision aids. Proceedings of Human Computer Interaction International 2009. San Diego, CA, 19-24 July 2009.

Grande, D., Black, J. T., Freeman, J., Sorber, T., & Serfaty, D. (2009). Use of dynamic models and operational architecture to solve complex Navy staffing challenges. Proceedings of the MODSIM WORLD 2009, Virginia Beach, VA.

Hutchins, S., MacKinnon, D., Freeman, J., & Gallup, S. (2009). Maritime domain awareness: Assessment of current status. Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium.

MacMillan, J., Freeman, J., Stacy, W., Wiese, E., Ayers, J., & Geyer, A. (2009). Aiding in assessments. WEPO Newsletter. Orlando, University of Central Florida. Special Edition, November 2009.

Shebilske, W., Gildea, K., Freeman, J., & Levchuk, G. (2009). Optimizing instructional feedback strategies: A Benchmarked Experiential System for Training (BEST). Theoretical Issues in Ergonomic Science, Special Issue on Optimizing Virtual Training Systems, 10(3), 267-278.

Weil, S. A.; Foster, P., Freeman, J., Carley, K., Diesner, J., Franz, T., Cooke, N., Shope, S., & Gorman, J. (2008). Converging approaches to automated communications-based assessment of team situation awareness. In Letsky, M. & Warner, N. (Eds.), Macrocognition in Teams: Theories and Methodologies. Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hants, GU11 3HR, U.K.

Wiese, E. E., Freeman, J., Salter, W. J., Stelzer, E. M., & Jackson, C. (2008).Distributed after action review in simulation-based training. In D. Vincenzi, P. Hancock, M. Mouloua, & J. Wise (Eds.), Human Factors in Simulation and Training. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Freeman, J., Stacy, W., & Olivares, O. (2008). Assessment for Learning and Development in Virtual Environments. Schmorrow, D., Cohn, J., & Nicholson, D. (Eds.), The PSI handbook of virtual environments for training and education: Developments for the military and beyond. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.

Hess, K. P., Freeman, J., & Coovert, M. (2008). CENTER: Critical thinking in Team Decision Making. In Letsky, M., & Warner, N. (Eds.), Macrocognition in Teams: Theories and Methodologies. Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hants, GU11 3HR, U.K.

Wiese, E. E., Freeman, J., Salter, W. J., Stelzer, E. M., & Jackson, C. (2008).Distributed after-action review in simulation-based training. In D. Vincenzi, P. Hancock, M. Mouloua, & J. Wise (Eds.), Human Factors in Simulation and Training. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Gildea, K., Levchuk, G., Freeman, J., Narakesari, S., & Shebilske, W. (2007). BEST: A benchmarked experiential system for training. Proceedings of the 12th International Command & Control Research & Technology Symposium, Newport, RI.

Shebilske, W., Flach, J., Freeman, J., & Gildea, K. (2007). Adaptive presentation of information and meta-information for dynamic targeting. Presentation at the 2nd Annual Workshop on Meta-Information Portrayal, Washington, DC.

Shebilske, W., Gildea, K., Levchuk, G., & Freeman, J. (2007). Training experienced teams for new experiences. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Winner, J. L., Freeman, J. T., Cooke, N. J., & Goodwin, G. F. (2007). A metric for the shared interpretation of commander's intent. Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society 51st annual meeting (pp. 122-126). Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Grier, R. A., Colonna-Romano, J., Spitz, G., & Freeman, J. (2007). UPDATE: A usability analysis method and tool. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting (pp. 504-506). Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Levchuk, G. M., Gildea, K., Freeman, J., Shebilske, W., Alakke, G., & Narakesari, S. (2007). A Benchmarked Experiential System for Training (BEST) for optimizing instruction. Proceedings of the 12th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Newport, RI.

Kello, C. T., Beltz, B. C., Holden, J. G., & Van Orden, G. C. (2007). The emergent coordination of cognitive function. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 551-568.

Linegang, M., & Freeman, J. (2006). Evaluating intelligent systems for complex socio-technical problems: Seeking wicked methods. Proceedings of Performance Measurement for Intelligent Systems, Gaithersburg, MD.

Stacy, W., Ayers, J., Freeman, J., & Haimson, C. (2006). Representing human performance with Human Performance Measurement Language (HPML). Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference. Arlington, VA: NDIA.

Freeman, J., MacMillan, J., Haimson, C., Weil, S., Stacy, W., & Diedrich, F.J. (2006).From gaming to training. Proceedings of the Society for Applied Learning Technologies, Orlando, FL.

Weil, S. A., Freeman, J., MacMillan, J., Jackson, C., Mauer, E., Patterson, M., & Linegang, M. P. (2006). Designing of a multi-vehicle control system: System design, team composition, and user interaction. In N. J., Cooke, et. al. (Eds.), Advances in human performance and cognitive engineering research: Human factors of remotely piloted vehicles. New York, NY: JAI Press.

Freeman, J., MacMillan, J., Haimson, C., Weil, S., Stacy, W., & Diedrich, F. J. (2006). Strategies and studies in game-based training. Proceedings of the Society for Applied Learning Technologies, Orlando, FL.

Weil, S. A., Carley, K. M., Diesner, J., Freeman, J., & Cooke, N. J. (2006). Measuring situational awareness through analysis of communications: A preliminary exercise. Proceedings of the 2006 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, San Diego, CA.

Diedrich, F. J., Freeman, J., Entin, E. E., Weil, S. A., & MacMillan, J. (2005). Modeling, measuring, and improving cognition at the team level. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition, Las Vegas, NV.

Freeman, J., Haimson, C., Diedrich, F. J., & Paley, M. (2005). Training teamwork with synthetic teams. In C. Bowers, E. Salas, & F. Jentsch (Eds.), Creating high-tech teams: Practical guidance on work performance and technology (pp. 261-282). Washington, DC: APA Press.

Lampton, D. R., Cohn, J. V., Endsley, M. R., Freeman, J., Gately, M. T., & Martin, G. A. (2005). Measuring situation awareness for dismounted infantry squads: Automated assessment and feedback strategies. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Salter, W. J., Hoch, S., & Freeman, J. (2005). Human factors challenges in after-action reviews in distributed simulation-based training. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Stacy, W., Merket, D., Freeman, J., Wiese, E., & Jackson, C. (2005). A language for rapidly creating performance measures in simulators. Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference (I/ITSEC). Arlington, VA: NDIA.

Freeman, J., MacMillan, J., Haimson, C., Weil, S. A., & Diedrich, F. J. (2005). Systems, studies, and strategies in game-based training. Paper presented at the Training, Education and Simulation International, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Haimson, C., Freeman, J., Wilson, C., & Richardson, A. (2005). An assessment and training system for imagery analysis and reporting. Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference of Intelligence Analysis.

Johnston, J. H., Vicenzi, D. A., Radtke, P. H., Salter, W., & Freeman, J. (2005). A human systems integration method for validating team performance assessment within a simulation-based training system. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Haimson, C., & Freeman, J. (2004, March). The Analyst’s Analyst: An assessment and training system for intelligence organizations. Paper presented at the Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation Technology Conference, Daytona Beach, FL.

Freeman, J., Salter, W., & Hoch, S. (2004). The users and functions of debriefing in simulation-based team training. Proceedings of the 2004 Conference of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society (pp. 2577-2581). Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Stacy, W., Freeman, J., Lackey, S., & Merket, D. (2004). Enhancing simulation-based training with Performance Measurement Objects. Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference (I/ITSEC). Arlington, VA: NDIA.

Bell, B., Johnston, J., Freeman, J., & Rody, F. (2004). STRATA: DARWARS for deployable, on-demand aircrew training. Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference (I/ITSEC). Arlington, VA: NDIA.

Freeman, J., Diedrich, F. J., Haimson, C., Diller, D.E., & Roberts, B. (2003). Behavioral representations for training tactical communication skills. Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation, Scottsdale, AZ.

Freeman, J., Hess, K. P., Spitz, G., Garrity, M. J., Lintern, G., Coovert, M. D., Gordon, T. G., Read, J., Riddle, D., Willis, T., & King V, T. S. (2003). Collaborative critical thinking. Proceedings of the 8th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium. Washington, DC.

Freeman, J., Johnston, J., Schurig, I., Castillo, A., & Meliza, L. (2003). Requirements for intelligent agents in debriefing systems. Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation, Scottsdale, AZ.

Johnston, J. H., Freeman, J., & Serfaty, D. (2003). Performance measurement for diagnosing and debriefing distributed command and control teams. Proceedings of the 8th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Washington, DC.

Linegang, M., Haimson, C., MacMillan, J., & Freeman, J. (2003). Human control in mixed-initiative systems: Lessons from the MICA-SHARC program. Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, & Cybernetics, Arlington, VA.

Freeman, J. (2002). I’ve got synthers, who could ask for anything more?Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 46th Annual Meeting (pp. 2044-2048). Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Freeman, J., & Paluska, J. (2002). Training with synthetic agents: An instructional conops. Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference on Computer Generated Forces, Orlando, FL.

Freeman, J. T., & Serfaty, D. (2002). Team collaboration for command and control: A critical thinking model. Proceedings of the 2002 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Monterey, CA.

Freeman, J. T, Pharmer, J. A., Lorenzen, C., Santoro, T. P., & Kieras, D. (2002).Complementary methods of modeling team performance. Proceedings of the 2002 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Monterey, CA.

Freeman, J. T., & MacMillan, J. (2002). Mixed-initiative control of robotic systems. Proceedings of the 2002 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Monterey, CA.

MacMillan, J., Paley, M. J., Levchuk, Y. N., Entin, E. E., Serfaty, D. & Freeman, J. T. (2002). Designing the best team for the task: Optimal organizational structures for military missions. In M. McNeese, E. Salas, & M. Endsley (Eds.), New trends in cooperative activities: System dynamics in complex settings. San Diego, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Press.

Freeman, J., & Serfaty, D. (2002). Team critical thinking. Proceedings of the 7th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Monterey, CA.

Freeman, J. T., & Paley, M. J. (2001). A systematic approach to developing system design recommendations. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Levchuk, Y., & Freeman, J. (2001). An algorithmic approach to optimizing teams. Military Operations Research Society Symposium, Annapolis, MD.

Pharmer, J. A., Freeman, J. T., Scott-Nash, S., Santoro, T.P., & Kieras, D. (2001).Complementary methods of modeling team performance. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Freeman, J., MacMillan, J., & Levchuk, Y. (2000). Team modeling: Can teams be engineered? Human Systems Integration Technologies, Tools, and Techniques Seminar.

Freeman, J. T., Campbell, G. E., & Hildebrand, G. (2000). Measuring the impact of advanced technologies And reorganization on human performance in a Combat Information Center. Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Freeman, J. T., Thompson, B. T., & Cohen, M.S. (2000). Modeling and assessing domain knowledge using latent semantic indexing [Special Issue]. Interactive Learning Environments.

Poirier, J., MacMillan, J., Hess, K., Freeman, J., & Serfaty, D. (2000). Conceptual description: The Sophisticated Automatic Policy-Generation Executor (SAGE) tool. Proceedings of the 2000 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.

Freeman, J. T., Cohen, M. S., & Thompson, B. B. (1999). Opportunities for improving decision-making in the cockpit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reno, NV.

Freeman, J. T., Thompson, B. B., & Cohen, M.S. (1999). Modeling and diagnosing domain knowledge using Latent Semantic Indexing. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 43rd Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.

Cohen, M. S., Freeman, J. T., & Thompson, B.T. (1998). Critical thinking skills in tactical decision making: A model and a training method. In J. Canon-Bowers &: E. Salas (Eds.), Decision-making under stress: Implications for training & simulation. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Publications.

Cohen, M.S., Parasuraman, R., & Freeman, J.T. (1998). Trust in decision aids: What is it and how can it be improved? Proceedings of the 1998 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Monterey, CA

Freeman, J., Cohen, M. S., & Thompson, B. T. (1998). Effects of decision support technology and training on tactical decision making. Proceedings of the 1998 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Monterey, CA

Freeman, J., Cohen, M. S., & Thompson, B. T. (1998). Time-stressed decision-making in the cockpit. Proceedings of the Association for Information Systems 1998 Americas Conference.

Cohen, M. S., & Freeman, J. T. (1997). Improving critical thinking. In R. Flin et al. (Eds.), Decision making under stress: Emerging themes and applications. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing Co.

Freeman, J. T., Cohen, M. S., & Serfaty, D. (1997). Information overload in the digital Army: Simulator-based training for prevention, detection & cure. Proceedings of the 1997 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Washington, DC.

Cohen, M. S., Freeman, J. T., & Thompson, B. B. (1996). Training the naturalistic decision maker. In C. Zsambok & G. Klein (Eds.), Naturalistic decision making. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Cohen, M. S., Freeman, J. T., & Wolf, S. (1996). Meta-recognition in time-stressed decision making: Recognizing, critiquing, and correcting. Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Cohen M. S., Freeman, J. T., & Thompson, B. B. (1995). Training metacognitive skills for decision making. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Columbus, OH.

Thompson, B., Cohen, M.S., & Freeman, J. (1995). Metacognitive behavior in adaptive agents. Proceedings of the World Congress on Neural Networks.

Freeman, J. T., & Cohen, M. S. (1994). Training metacognitive skills for situation assessment. Proceedings of the 1994 Symposium on Command and Control Research and Decision Aids, Monterey, CA.

Freeman, J. T., Riedl, T. R., & Ward, R. (1994). Debugging software systems. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Software Engineering. NY: Wiley.

Weitzenfeld, J. S., Riedl, T. R., Chubb, C., & Freeman, J. (1993). Cross-domain language among expert software developers. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 7(3-4), 185-195.

Freeman, J. T., Riedl, T. R., Weitzenfeld, J. S., & Musa, J. (1991). Instruction for software engineering expertise. In J.E. Tomayko (Ed.), Software Engineering Education: SEI Conference 1991. NY: Springer-Verlag.

Weitzenfeld, J. S., Klein, G. A., Riedl, T. R., Freeman, J. T., & Musa, J. (1991). Knowledge elicitation for software engineering expertise. In J.E. Tomayko (Ed.), Software Engineering Education: SEI Conference 1991. NY: Springer-Verlag.

For more information about Dr. Freeman’s publications, please contact aptima_info@aptima.com.